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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tensorfeld</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Ein <b>Tensorfeld</b> (unpräzise auch <b>Tensor</b> genannt) wird im mathematischen Teilgebiet der <a href="Differentialgeometrie" title="Differentialgeometrie">Differentialgeometrie</a> im Besonderen in der <a href="Tensoranalysis" title="Tensoranalysis">Tensoranalysis</a> untersucht. Es handelt sich um eine <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a>, die auf spezielle Weise jedem Punkt eines zugrundeliegenden Raumes einen <a href="Tensor" title="Tensor">Tensor</a> zuordnet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>M</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Glatte_Mannigfaltigkeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Glatte Mannigfaltigkeit">glatte Mannigfaltigkeit</a> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
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<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>r</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb061c1fe59aa66abaaab2c069ef6db9d8ba54bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.945ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}" loading="lazy"></span> ein (r,s)-<a href="Tensorb%C3%BCndel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensorbündel">Tensorbündel</a>. Ein (r,s)-Tensorfeld ist ein glatter <a href="Schnitt_(Faserb%C3%BCndel)" title="Schnitt (Faserbündel)">Schnitt</a> im Tensorbündel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
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<mi>s</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb061c1fe59aa66abaaab2c069ef6db9d8ba54bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.945ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(M)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Menge der Tensorfelder wird mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{s}^{r}(M))}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Γ<!-- Γ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{s}^{r}(M))}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f1e2a8d08bfe53503fafad491396149643f04e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.083ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{s}^{r}(M))}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet. Diese Menge ist ein <a href="Modul_(Mathematik)" title="Modul (Mathematik)">Modul</a> über der Algebra <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(M)=\Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{0}^{0}(M))}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Γ<!-- Γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mn>0</mn>
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<mn>0</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(M)=\Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{0}^{0}(M))}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3ef908251baf268be96fe057d4387ac6147c2b38.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.186ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(M)=\Gamma ^{\infty }(T_{0}^{0}(M))}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Glatte_Funktion" title="Glatte Funktion">glatten Funktionen</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<p>Sei M eine differenzierbare Mannigfaltigkeit, so ist ein Tensorfeld auf M eine Abbildung, die jedem Punkt einen Tensor zuordnet.
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Riemannsche_Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Riemannsche Mannigfaltigkeit">Riemannsche Metriken</a> sind (0,2)-Tensorfelder.</li>
<li>Der <a href="Riemannscher_Kr%C3%BCmmungstensor" title="Riemannscher Krümmungstensor">riemannsche Krümmungstensor</a> ist ein (1,3)-Tensorfeld, das mithilfe der riemannschen Metrik als ein (0,4)-Tensorfeld aufgefasst werden kann.</li>
<li><a href="Differentialform" title="Differentialform">Differentialformen</a> vom Grad k, insbesondere das <a href="Totales_Differential" title="Totales Differential">totale Differential</a> einer Funktion im Fall k=1, sind Schnitte von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \bigwedge ^{k}\mathrm {T} ^{*}M\subseteq (\mathrm {T} ^{*}M)^{\otimes k}.}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
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</msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
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<mi>M</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \bigwedge ^{k}\mathrm {T} ^{*}M\subseteq (\mathrm {T} ^{*}M)^{\otimes k}.}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/60e809f77cf40bfec520d1b573b4d99690164e34.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.683ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \bigwedge ^{k}\mathrm {T} ^{*}M\subseteq (\mathrm {T} ^{*}M)^{\otimes k}.}" loading="lazy"></span> Hierbei bezeichnet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{*}M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
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</msup>
<mi>M</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{*}M}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/02e9815aa22bca801ff9618269fbbb247575ae86.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.216ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{*}M}" loading="lazy"></span> das <a href="Kotangentialb%C3%BCndel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotangentialbündel">Kotangentialbündel</a>. Für weitere Informationen siehe auch unter <a href="%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Algebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Äußere Algebra">Äußere Algebra</a> nach.</li>
<li>Der <a href="Energie-Impuls-Tensor" title="Energie-Impuls-Tensor">Energie-Impuls-Tensor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{\alpha \beta }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
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</msup>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{\alpha \beta }}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4846f6442ed9b222988c92d912f7e1974ed77e39.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.946ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{\alpha \beta }}" loading="lazy"></span> und der <a href="Elektromagnetischer_Feldst%C3%A4rketensor" title="Elektromagnetischer Feldstärketensor">elektromagnetische Feldstärketensor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F^{\alpha \beta }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F^{\alpha \beta }}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7308cb47d2c7544f5023240b00e89ac8ee65fd54.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.041ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F^{\alpha \beta }}" loading="lazy"></span> (als Beispiel eines <a href="Feldst%C3%A4rketensor" title="Feldstärketensor">Feldstärketensors</a>) in der Relativitätstheorie sind Tensorfelder zweiter Stufe auf der vierdimensionalen Basis des <a href="Minkowski-Raum" title="Minkowski-Raum">Minkowski-Raums</a>.</li>
<li>die <a href="Spin-Gruppe" title="Spin-Gruppe">Spin-Gruppe</a>, deren <a href="Darstellung_(Lie-Gruppe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darstellung (Lie-Gruppe)">Darstellungen</a> die oft verwendeten <a href="Spinor" title="Spinor">Spinorfelder</a> sind, wird üblicherweise als Teilmenge der Tensorfelder mit Werten in der <a href="Clifford-Algebra" title="Clifford-Algebra">Clifford-Algebra</a> konstruiert.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Rekurrenter_Tensor" title="Rekurrenter Tensor">Rekurrenter Tensor</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quelle">Quelle</h2></div>
<ul><li>R. Abraham, J. E. Marsden, T. Ratiu: <i>Manifolds, Tensor Analysis, and Applications</i> (= <i>Applied Mathematical Sciences</i> 75). 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York NY u. a. 1988, ISBN 0-387-96790-7.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tensor_fields?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Tensor fields</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li>Hendrik van Hees: Physik-FAQ für die deutschsprachigen Physik-Newsgroups <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062557/http://theory.gsi.de/~vanhees/faq/geo/node10.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062557/http://theory.gsi.de/~vanhees/faq/geo/node10.html</a></li></ul>
<p>alternativ: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itp.uni-frankfurt.de/~hees/faq-pdf/index.html">uni-frankfurt.de/~hees</a>
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